Different types of law

Some different types of law include:

(1) Public law - law that concerns the state, either in international relations, or in the relationship between the state and the individual.

(2) Criminal law - law that is concerned with breach of public duty and is punishable by the state on behalf of society.

(3) Tort - torts are such things as negligence, nuisance, defamation and trespass - they are concerned with civil wrongs other than breaches of contract and trust. The law requires people not to harm or threaten the interests of others, and the law of tort is designed to compensate for harm when it occurs.

(4) Trusts: Defined as an "equitable obligations imposing on one or more persons a duty of dealing with property, over which they have control, for the benefit of other persons who may enforce the obligation." The property may be any asset: money, stocks, shares, land etc. Note that partnerships and minors cannot legally have estates.

(5) Civil law provides rules for the conduct of relations and transactions between persons or organisations, for example, contracts, consumer rights and property transactions. For the purposes of business studies, civil law is more relevant. Civil proceedings are brought by private parties with a grievance. Proof is on the balance of probabilities, meaning that a lesser degree of proof is required than in a criminal case. If the person bringing the case, the plaintiff (the accuser), is able to obtain a favourable judgement then he will be awarded compensation, usually financial, for the civil wrong that has been shown to have been done.

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